If you are preparing for Class 10 History or any competitive examination, then Nationalism in Europe is a very important chapter. Questions from this topic are frequently asked in CBSE board exams as well as in various competitive exams.
In this post, you will find MCQ on Nationalism in Europe with Answers based on the NCERT syllabus. These multiple choice questions are designed to help students revise the chapter quickly and understand key concepts in an easy way.
This content is especially useful for students who are looking for objective questions for exam preparation and want to score better with smart revision.
Nationalism in Europe Class 10 MCQs
Q1. Who is considered the main architect of German unification?
- A. Kaiser William I
- B. Otto von Bismarck
- C. Johann Gottfried Herder
- D. Napoleon III
Explanation: Otto von Bismarck unified Germany through his policy of “blood and iron” by wars and diplomacy.
Q2. Which treaty recognized Greece as an independent nation?
- A. Treaty of Vienna
- B. Treaty of Frankfurt
- C. Treaty of Constantinople
- D. Treaty of Versailles
Explanation: The Treaty of Constantinople (1832) officially recognized Greece as an independent state.
Q3. The idea of a nation-state emerged in Europe after which event?
- A. Russian Revolution
- B. French Revolution
- C. Industrial Revolution
- D. Vienna Congress
Explanation: The French Revolution introduced the ideas of nationalism, citizenship, and popular sovereignty.
Q4. Which term was used for a plebiscite to decide the will of people?
- A. Referendum
- B. Monarchy
- C. Conservatism
- D. Absolutism
Explanation: A referendum is a direct vote by the people to decide an important political question.
Q5. Who played a leading role in the unification of Italy?
- A. Giuseppe Mazzini
- B. Victor Emmanuel II
- C. Giuseppe Garibaldi
- D. All of the above
Explanation: Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Victor Emmanuel II all contributed significantly to Italian unification.
Q6. What was the main aim of the Vienna Congress of 1815?
- A. Spread nationalism
- B. Restore monarchies
- C. Promote democracy
- D. Unite Europe
Explanation: The Congress of Vienna aimed to restore conservative monarchies and suppress revolutionary ideas.
Q7. Which social group led the nationalist movements in Europe?
- A. Peasants
- B. Workers
- C. Aristocracy
- D. Educated middle class
Explanation: The educated middle class played a key role in spreading nationalist ideas across Europe.
Q8. Which symbol became a common representation of the nation?
- A. Flag
- B. Crown
- C. Palace
- D. Army
Explanation: National flags became powerful symbols of unity and identity during nationalist movements.
Q9. What was the major obstacle to nationalism in the Balkans?
- A. Industrialization
- B. Religious unity
- C. Ethnic diversity
- D. Strong monarchy
Explanation: The Balkans had diverse ethnic and religious groups, which made nationalist unity difficult.
Q10. Which concept refers to loyalty to one’s nation?
- A. Imperialism
- B. Nationalism
- C. Liberalism
- D. Socialism
Explanation: Nationalism is the feeling of loyalty and devotion to one’s nation.
Q11. What was the meaning of the term ‘Utopian Society’ in Europe?
- A. A society based on monarchy
- B. A society with no equality
- C. A vision of a perfect society
- D. A military society
Explanation: Utopian thinkers imagined an ideal society where people lived in harmony and equality.
Q12. Which language played a major role in promoting nationalist feelings in Europe?
- A. Latin
- B. French
- C. Vernacular languages
- D. Greek
Explanation: Local languages helped spread nationalist ideas among common people instead of elites only.
Q13. Who founded the secret society ‘Young Italy’?
- A. Cavour
- B. Garibaldi
- C. Mazzini
- D. Metternich
Explanation: Giuseppe Mazzini founded Young Italy to promote Italian unification and nationalism.
Q14. Which European power supported Greek independence?
- A. Austria
- B. Britain
- C. Prussia
- D. Russia
Explanation: Britain, along with other European powers, supported the Greek struggle for independence.
Q15. What did the term ‘absolutist’ refer to?
- A. Democratic government
- B. Constitutional monarchy
- C. Centralized authoritarian rule
- D. Socialist system
Explanation: Absolutist regimes concentrated power in the hands of a monarch without constitutional limits.
Q16. Which event inspired revolutionary nationalism in Europe?
- A. Vienna Congress
- B. French Revolution
- C. Russian Revolution
- D. Industrial Revolution
Explanation: The French Revolution spread ideas of liberty, equality, and nationalism across Europe.
Q17. Which empire controlled much of the Balkan region?
- A. British Empire
- B. Russian Empire
- C. Ottoman Empire
- D. German Empire
Explanation: The Ottoman Empire ruled over large parts of the Balkans before nationalist uprisings.
Q18. What was the primary aim of nationalist liberals?
- A. Establish socialism
- B. Strengthen monarchy
- C. Create nation-states with constitutions
- D. Expand empires
Explanation: Nationalist liberals wanted freedom, equality before law, and constitutional governments.
Q19. Which symbol often represented liberty in nationalist art?
- A. Crown
- B. Broken chains
- C. Sword
- D. Throne
Explanation: Broken chains symbolized freedom from oppression and absolutist rule.
Q20. Which class mainly benefited from nationalist movements initially?
- A. Peasants
- B. Working class
- C. Middle class
- D. Nobility
Explanation: The middle class gained political rights and influence through nationalist movements.
Q21. Who was appointed as the chief minister of Sardinia-Piedmont?
- A. Giuseppe Garibaldi
- B. Giuseppe Mazzini
- C. Count Camillo de Cavour
- D. Victor Emmanuel I
Explanation: Cavour played a key diplomatic role in the unification of Italy as the chief minister of Sardinia-Piedmont.
Q22. What was the main objective of the Zollverein?
- A. Political unification of Germany
- B. Military alliance
- C. Economic unification of German states
- D. Cultural unity
Explanation: Zollverein was a customs union that removed trade barriers among German states, promoting economic unity.
Q23. Which female allegory represented France?
- A. Germania
- B. Britannia
- C. Marianne
- D. Helvetia
Explanation: Marianne symbolized the French Republic and the ideals of liberty and reason.
Q24. Which symbol on Germania’s crown represented the German Empire?
- A. Laurel wreath
- B. Sword
- C. Oak leaves
- D. Crown of thorns
Explanation: Oak leaves symbolized heroism and strength in German nationalist imagery.
Q25. Which year marks the unification of Germany?
- A. 1848
- B. 1861
- C. 1871
- D. 1919
Explanation: Germany was unified in 1871 after Prussia’s victory over France.
Q26. Which event is known as the Frankfurt Parliament?
- A. German unification ceremony
- B. Meeting to draft a constitution for Germany
- C. Treaty signing with Austria
- D. Military council of Prussia
Explanation: The Frankfurt Parliament (1848) aimed to create a unified German nation with a constitution.
Q27. Which factor weakened the Ottoman Empire?
- A. Industrial growth
- B. Rise of nationalism
- C. Strong monarchy
- D. Economic stability
Explanation: Nationalist movements in the Balkans weakened Ottoman control over its territories.
Q28. What was the outcome of the 1848 revolutions?
- A. Complete success of nationalism
- B. Strengthening of absolutism
- C. Failure but spread of nationalist ideas
- D. Formation of European Union
Explanation: Though most revolutions failed, they spread nationalism and liberalism across Europe.
Q29. Which class formed the majority of participants in the Frankfurt Parliament?
- A. Workers
- B. Peasants
- C. Middle class professionals
- D. Nobles
Explanation: Lawyers, professors, and businessmen dominated the Frankfurt Parliament.
Q30. Which idea emphasized individual freedom and equality before law?
- A. Conservatism
- B. Liberalism
- C. Imperialism
- D. Absolutism
Explanation: Liberalism stressed civil rights, equality before law, and representative government.
Q31. Which Italian state took the lead in the process of Italian unification?
- A. Sicily
- B. Tuscany
- C. Sardinia-Piedmont
- D. Lombardy
Explanation: Sardinia-Piedmont emerged as the leading force in Italian unification under Cavour and Victor Emmanuel II.
Q32. Who was crowned the first king of united Italy?
- A. Giuseppe Garibaldi
- B. Victor Emmanuel II
- C. Count Cavour
- D. Napoleon III
Explanation: Victor Emmanuel II became the first king of unified Italy in 1861.
Q33. Which war completed the unification of Germany?
- A. Austro-Prussian War
- B. Franco-Prussian War
- C. Crimean War
- D. Napoleonic War
Explanation: The Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) led to the final unification of Germany.
Q34. Where was the German Empire proclaimed in 1871?
- A. Berlin
- B. Frankfurt
- C. Vienna
- D. Palace of Versailles
Explanation: The German Empire was proclaimed at the Palace of Versailles after victory over France.
Q35. Which empire was described as the “sick man of Europe”?
- A. Austrian Empire
- B. Ottoman Empire
- C. Russian Empire
- D. British Empire
Explanation: The Ottoman Empire was called the “sick man of Europe” due to its political and economic decline.
Q36. Which revolutionary wave swept across Europe in 1848?
- A. Socialist movement
- B. Conservative movement
- C. Liberal-nationalist revolutions
- D. Imperialist expansion
Explanation: The revolutions of 1848 were driven by liberal and nationalist demands across Europe.
Q37. Which body was formed to maintain conservative order in Europe after 1815?
- A. League of Nations
- B. United Nations
- C. Concert of Europe
- D. European Union
Explanation: The Concert of Europe aimed to preserve the conservative order established by the Congress of Vienna.
Q38. What did nationalism demand primarily?
- A. Expansion of empires
- B. Rule by monarchy
- C. Formation of nation-states
- D. Economic globalization
Explanation: Nationalism emphasized the creation of states based on shared culture, history, and identity.
Q39. Which group mainly opposed nationalist movements?
- A. Liberals
- B. Conservatives
- C. Middle class
- D. Students
Explanation: Conservatives opposed nationalism as it threatened traditional monarchies and social order.
Q40. Which idea stressed tradition, monarchy, and social hierarchy?
- A. Liberalism
- B. Socialism
- C. Conservatism
- D. Nationalism
Explanation: Conservatism emphasized preserving traditional institutions like monarchy and church.
Q41. Which revolution ended feudal privileges in France?
- A. Russian Revolution
- B. French Revolution
- C. Industrial Revolution
- D. 1848 Revolution
Explanation: The French Revolution abolished feudalism and promoted equality before law.
Q42. Which slogan best represented the French Revolution?
- A. Peace and Unity
- B. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
- C. Nation and State
- D. Blood and Iron
Explanation: This slogan expressed the core ideals of the French Revolution.
Q43. Which Italian leader led the Red Shirts?
- A. Cavour
- B. Victor Emmanuel II
- C. Mazzini
- D. Garibaldi
Explanation: Giuseppe Garibaldi led the Red Shirts in southern Italy during unification.
Q44. Which region was annexed by Italy after the Franco-Prussian War?
- A. Sicily
- B. Rome
- C. Venice
- D. Lombardy
Explanation: Rome became part of Italy in 1870 after French troops withdrew during the Franco-Prussian War.
Q45. Which country emerged as a powerful nation after 1871?
- A. Italy
- B. France
- C. Germany
- D. Austria
Explanation: After unification in 1871, Germany became a major political and military power in Europe.
Q46. Which empire controlled many non-German-speaking regions?
- A. British Empire
- B. Ottoman Empire
- C. Austrian Empire
- D. Russian Empire
Explanation: The Austrian Empire ruled over diverse ethnic and linguistic groups, opposing nationalism.
Q47. Which movement focused on cultural unity through folk traditions?
- A. Liberal movement
- B. Romantic nationalism
- C. Socialist movement
- D. Conservative movement
Explanation: Romantic nationalists emphasized folk culture, language, and traditions to build unity.
Q48. Who collected and published German folk tales?
- A. Goethe
- B. Grimm Brothers
- C. Bismarck
- D. Herder
Explanation: The Grimm Brothers collected folk tales to promote German cultural identity.
Q49. Which concept linked nation with common language and culture?
- A. Absolutism
- B. National identity
- C. Imperialism
- D. Colonialism
Explanation: National identity was based on shared language, culture, and historical experiences.
Q50. Nationalism in Europe ultimately led to:
- A. Decline of democracy
- B. Strengthening of empires
- C. Formation of modern nation-states
- D. End of industrialization
Explanation: Nationalist movements reshaped Europe by creating modern nation-states like Germany and Italy.
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